The German American Bund, American Nazis of the 1930s

The German American Bund, American Nazis of the 1930s The German American Bund was a Nazi organization in the United States in the late 1930s that recruited members and openly supported Hitlers policies. Though the organization was never massive, it was shocking to mainstream Americans and drew considerable attention from the authorities. Fast Facts: The German American Bund The German American Bund was a Nazi organization which operated openly in the United States in the late 1930s, attracting press attention and generating controversy.The organization was led by Fritz Kuhn, an immigrant from Germany who was a naturalized American citizen.Nearly all of its members were American citizens, though mostly of German descent.The German American Bund was active between 1936 and 1939. The Nazi leadership in Berlin had tried to create a support organization and propaganda operation in the United States but failed until an ambitious and belligerent German immigrant, Fritz Kuhn, emerged as a leader. A naturalized American citizen, Kuhn rose to prominence before his 1939 imprisonment for embezzlement abruptly ended his career as the topmost American Nazi. The German American Bund was separate from the America First Committee, which emerged later and expressed more mild support for Hitler while advocating that the United States stay out of World War II. Origins The German American Bund evolved from an earlier organization, the Friends of New Germany. During World War I, some German-Americans had been subject to discrimination and ostracism, and the Friends of New Germany cited continued resentment of some German-Americans as it recruited in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The Friends of New Germany leadership was affiliated with Hitlers Nazi movement in Germany. American members of the Friends of New Germany took an oath pledging loyalty to Hitler, and also swore that they were of pure Aryan blood and had no Jewish ancestry. The organization was being guided from afar by one of Hitlers close associates, Rudolf Hess, but it was marked by inept leadership in America and demonstrated no clear sense of how to carry the Nazi message to mainstream Americans. That changed when the leader of the Detroit chapter of the Friends of New Germany emerged as a fanatical leader. Fritz Kuhn After serving in the German army during World War I, Fritz Kuhn attended school and became a chemist. In the early 1920s, while living in Munich, he became fascinated with the small but rising Nazi movement, and subscribed to its racial and anti-Semitic fixations. Kuhn got into legal trouble in Germany by stealing from an employer. His family, assuming a fresh start would be helpful, aided him in moving to Mexico. After staying in Mexico City for a short time he moved on to the United States, arriving in 1928. On the advice of a friend in Mexico, Kuhn traveled to Detroit, where jobs were said to be plentiful in the factories run by Henry Ford. Kuhn admired Ford, as the great American industrialist was widely known as one of the worlds foremost anti-Semites. Ford had published newspaper columns titled The International Jew which advanced his theories about Jewish manipulation of financial markets and the banking industry. Kuhn found a job working in a Ford plant, was laid off, and eventually obtained a job working as a chemist for Ford, a job he held until 1937. In Detroit, Kuhn joined the Friends of New Germany and his fanatical devotion to Hitler helped him advance to the leadership of the local chapter. At about the same time, the Nazi regime in Berlin began to view the fractured and faltering national leadership of the Friends of New Germany as a liability. Hess withdrew support for the group. Kuhn, sensing an opportunity, moved to replace the organization with something new and, he promised, more efficient. Kuhn called for a convention of the local leaders of the Friends of New Germany, and they met in Buffalo, New York, in March 1936. A new organization, called Der Amerikadeutscher Volksbund, or the German-American Bund, was formed. Fritz Kuhn was its leader. He had become an American citizen, and he decreed that members of the German-American Bund would also have to be citizens. It was to be an organization of American Nazis, not German Nazis operating in exile in America. Gaining Attention Basing his actions on those of Hitler and the Nazi hierarchy, Kuhn began his rule of the Bund by stressing loyalty and discipline. Members were required to wear uniforms of black pants, grey shirts, and a black military-style Sam Browne belt. They did not carry firearms, but many carried a truncheon (said to be for defensive purposes). Fritz Kuhn saluting marching Bund members at Camp Nordland in New Jersey. Getty Images Under Kuhns direction, the Bund gained members and began building a public presence. Two camps, Camp Siegfried in Long Island and Camp Nordland in New Jersey, began operating. In 1937 an article in the New York Times noted that 10,000 German Americans attended a Camp Nordland picnic at which American flags were displayed beside flags of the Nazi swastika. Nazis at Madison Square Garden The most memorable event staged by the German American Bund was a huge rally at Madison Square Garden, one of New Yorks major venues. On February 20, 1939, about 20,000 Bund supporters packed the huge arena as thousands of protesters gathered outside. The rally, which was promoted as a celebration of the birthday of George Washington- who was depicted on a huge banner hung between swastika banners- featured Kuhn giving an anti-Semitic speech. Banners hanging from the balconies proclaimed Stop Jewish Domination of Christian America. The mayor of New York, Fiorello La Guardia, had seen enough. He understood Kuhn and the Bund had a right to free speech, but he wondered about their finances. He held a meeting with Thomas Dewey, the district attorney (and future presidential candidate), and suggested an investigation of the groups taxes. Legal Problems and Decline When investigators began to look at the finances of Kuhns organization they realized that the self-styled American Fuhrer had been embezzling money from the organization. He was prosecuted, convicted in late 1939, and sent to prison. Without Kuhns leadership, the German American Bund essentially disintegrated. Kuhn remained in prison until the end of World War II, when he was deported to Germany. He died in 1951, but he had faded so far into obscurity that his death was not reported in the American press until early 1953. Sources: Bernstein, Arnie.  Swastika Nation: Fritz Kuhn and the Rise and Fall of the German-American Bund. New York City, St. Martins Press, 2014.American Fascism in Embryo. American Decades Primary Sources, edited by Cynthia Rose, vol. 4: 1930-1939, Gale, 2004, pp. 279-285. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Everything You Need to Know About Writing an Interesting Paper Outline

Everything You Need to Know About Writing an Interesting Paper Outline After choosing a great topic and stating strong arguments, it can be hard for many people to write interesting academic papers. You may have many points or thoughts about where you prefer assignment to go, but you will fail to write a good one without your detailed plan of action. This is when an outline comes in handy. It’s a general plan of everything you will discuss in your essay. It’s an effective tool to organize the main facts, connect all ideas, and find the best order to present your major point in a concise manner. What is a Paper Outline? You can easily define it as an efficient organizational plan (about 1 page long) that will help you complete academic assignments. It’s the best way to organize or guide your ideas. An outline breaks down your paper in a hierarchical and clear manner to help you determine its final format or flow. Include such basic parts of any paper outline as body paragraphs, your strong conclusion, and introduction with a thesis statement. Why do You Need a Paper Outline? Spending your time on making a paper outline will improve your understanding of a specific subject and simplify the entire writing process. Some teachers even ask their students to submit a plan before they start completing academic assignments because it’s very helpful. Why should you create a paper outline? There are different reasons to do that, including: Showing the logical order or hierarchical links of background information; Keeping track of your search; Organizing different threads. ORDER PAPER OUTLINE 6 Basic paper outline purposes Helping you to organize a list of all thoughts; Simplifying your process of writing; Showing connections in ideas; Presenting your writing in its logical form; Determining groups or special boundaries; Constructing a brief and ordered overview of your essay. How to Plan your Paper Outline It can help you organize all ideas before you start, but you should pick a brilliant topic first. You can choose a broad subject because creating a detailed plan will help you narrow it down to come clear arguments. Your outline will help you plan the structure of any paper. What is an Introduction? In this essay paragraph, it’s necessary to clearly state your major argument, purpose of your academic assignment, and how you will approach a particular topic. Briefly explain the points that your paper outline covers, why targeted readers should feel interested in your subject, and answer a few basic questions. Why are you writing your essay? Is it a book review or a problem analysis? Body paragraphs - in body paragraphs, you present strong arguments, develop relevant discussions to support your thesis, and make readers believe that your stance is correct. Find a few supporting facts for every major point. Start with a strong argument, write separate topic sentences and transitions. What is a thesis? It declares your beliefs and what your essay will prove. A strong thesis can make a huge difference in retelling facts and your thoughtful academic assignment, so state it powerfully. It helps you focus your research because you should check many sources of information to identify key questions and choose suitable materials for your paper outline. Place your thesis at the end of your introduction. A concluding paragraph - this section should reword or restate your thesis, sum up all arguments, and explain why you make a specific conclusion. How to Write your Paper Outline Start with ordering your major subtopics in a chronological or any other suitable order and label them with Roman numerals. Choose a few points for every category. Make this choice based on the purpose of your writing and all the supporting materials that you have because they will structure the second level of your paper outline. Indent and label them in letters. Feel free to expand your ideas with sub-points if needed. If any of them are big topics that require extra details to explain, put them in the next level of your paper outline. Indent and label them in ordinary numbers. Add more layers if needed and use lowercase letters, numbers, and lowercase Roman numerals to create your logical paper outline. Most students prefer to include 3-4 layers in their paper outline. Look at your prepared outline and think about a conclusion and if it matches the goals of writing your academic paper. Add more subtopics if you don’t have enough facts to support it. GET HELP WITH AN OUTLINE FOR MY PAPER Set important paper outline goals Your essay can inform other people about a given topic, persuade them of your stance, or reflect on personal experiences. Set basic goals for your academic assignment and use these effective approaches: Present causes and effects of any significant historical event (conduct your in-depth research); Compare and contrast events, people, or books (apply your critical analysis skills); Describe how personal experiences shaped you (practice excellent communication skills). Gather supporting materials They’re useful for your paper outline and final drafts. Pay attention to subtopics with relevant ideas, stats, or quotes because they will become major parts of your detailed plan. Note down where you get any information to avoid plagiarism. Pick the best paper outline type There are two basic options to choose from: A sentence outline of your paper uses complete sentences, relies on many details, and lists separate bullet points; A topic outline of your paper uses short phrases. If you have any difficulties with your paper outline, our helping hand is only a few clicks away because our professional writers are ready to complete assignment for you at affordable rates.

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership - Assignment Example Basically leadership includes an influencing relationship between leaders and the followers intended for bringing real changes and optimal policy ramifications which perfectly reflects the shared purpose. By picking up one of the definition of leaderships from a wide variety the most applicable in this can be stated as a shared mindset which acts a representative of understanding a fundamental way of thinking about, perceiving and understanding the mechanics of the business environment of today’s world (Daft &   Lane, 2008, pp. 5-7). Leadership is even more significant in crisis situation. Helio Fred in his article, â€Å"Effective leadership response to crisis’’ states that the organization generally survives a crisis with reputation by the timeliness as well as the effectiveness of the response which heavily depends upon the strategic focus and implementation of the policies by the leaders of any organization (Garcia, 2006). The paper directs towards the exh ibition of leadership with respect to an organization in times of crisis situation and how the leadership maintain the pace of operation in difficult times and shows the way for future growth which will be highlighted in the subsequent sections. Problem statement & Discussions The positions of the leadership are established in the settings of the work of the organizations for the purpose of achieving the purposes for which their existence is omnipotent within a larger system. The crux of the paper lies with the notion of organizational leadership. In an organization, the processes of leadership are generally directed towards defining, establishing as well as translating the direction for their followers with the provision of the enabling the process for the achievement of the purpose. The operation of the leadership is vehemently attached to the continuous development as well as attainment of the goals within the organizations (Zaccaro & Klimoski, n.d.). The company which will be di scussed in this paper is Hewlett Packard better known as HP. HP is an American multinational corporation with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California. The sectors where the company caters are mainly small and medium sized businesses and large enterprises as well as customers in the government, health and educational sectors and the products delivered by this company are software, technologies, solution s and services (Hewlett-Packard Co, n.d.). In the time span of 1995- 1999, the company was facing several restraints like fierce competition from the traditional competitors as well as new competitors entering into the market. In the field of computer as well as corporate computer business the biggest rivals of HP were Dell and IBM. The company lacked performance in the sphere of technology as well as field of innovation and encountered slow pace of growth. The aftermath was that the company lost its competitive edge among its competitors unable to develop any path breaking strategy for growth. Another significant cause of the generation of crisis situation was that of the serious bureaucracy within the organization itself which practically paralyzed the day to day operation of the organization and initiated severe inefficiencies and heavy decline in sales (Hoopes, 2001, p.4). But the situation changed with the appointment of Carleton S. Fiorina as the new Chief

Software Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Software Quality Management - Essay Example The requirement elicitation process for this set of work products was done through several methods like, interviewing end users, conducting workshops on identifying requirements, brainstorming, use cases, role plays and developing a demo of the final product. Additional work products were found for each main product of the basic set and were detailed on how they contribute to the achievement of the outcome. The report is structured with the detailed description of how the requirement analysis for each work product attributes to the successful implementation of each attribute of the outcome. This is followed with the findings of additional work products and their relationship with the basic set. Finally the report is concluded with the analysis of additional characteristics, if any, for each of the work products in the basic set. The first of the basic set of work products that was analyzed was the Spreadsheet software. One of the examples of spreadsheet software was Gnumeric. This deliverable was chosen since it was able to meet the expectations of the end users. The software was able to perform the required functionalities at par with other existing software of same kind. The requirement elicitation of the Gnumeric software was done through brainstorming technique and conducting a research on the requirements of the user needs. The analysis on the post-requirement elicitation process shows that the attributes of the outcome were met successfully. The process of how it met is explained below. (n.d. ,2009) Initially the planning was done among the management levels. The planning was ultimately divided into business, program and project. Once the planning was done, the requirement analysis was documented. The clients were interviewed and brainstormed to identify all possible requirements that they want the software to do. These include the conversion of any kind of data files to CSV or ledger based accounting table format. These requirements were base lined and were documented. They had a version control manager associated with the development team. This had the control of updating the software as and when any changes are done. The software had a help feature which would send the reports of any errors or runtime exceptions to the change management group. This ensured that customer faced bugs are fixed. The online help care associated with the software development team ensured that the customer's needs and future updates are done at the earliest time. (Demiriirs, E. et. al. 1998) The additional work products that help in achieving the entire functionality of the Gnumeric are histogram tool and Image filling work product. These work products helped to achieve the baselined requirements of creating charts from source data. Their special characteristics are that they are easily updatable and platform independent.Requirement Elicitation of Calculator software. The basic criteria for the selection of FreeCalc software in Calculator category, was that it was able to exceed the functionalities and expectations of other work products in the same category. This product detailed on the requirements category, met with the

Elements of the Communication Process Essay Example for Free

Elements of the Communication Process Essay Companies need to develop strategies to improve brand image and brand awareness. The important aspect of spreading brand awareness and brand image is through communication. Companies need to establish a communication channel to win the new customers and retain existing customer. This communication is not restricted just to customer but also stakeholders in the value network. Communication is achieved through advertisement, sales promotion, public relation exercise, direct marketing and interactive marketing. Elements of Communication Process Communication process should not be one way traffic. Companies should look forward to developing communication network in which companies can reach customer but customer also can effectively communicate with companies. Technology has opened up many avenues to carry out effective communication. Companies have traditional tools like newspaper, television, radio, telephone, billboards and modern tools like the internet, emails and wireless devices. Technology has made the communication process not only faster but also reduced over all communication cost. There are nine elements, which make the communication process. The two parties are sender-company and receiver-customer. The communication tools are message and media used to communicate the process. The four major communication functions are encoding, decoding, response and feedback. The last element is the noise which is anytime of interference disrupting clarity of the message. Senders must encode the message as per the target audience and use the right media. The receiver decodes the message, responds to the message and sends feedback to the company. Experience senders are able to garner a more effective response from the right message. Companies have to put effort in developing an effective communication program. The development of the communication program can be charted into eight steps. 1.The first step is identifying the target audience. The target audiences are the existing customer or the potential new customers. Target audience identification is essential for further development and overall success of the communication program. Once the audience is identified the next part is assessing the present company or brand perception within the target audience. Based on the results from the audience analysis the message should address the requirements. 2.The second step is to set specific objectives for the given communication message. This objective could be to enhance existing image, convey attribute, or encourage a consumer to act. The objective can have a cognitive, affective or behavioral response. 3.The third step is the design of the message. The designing of the message follows the objective of the message. The design of the message has to address the following four points, content of message, message structure, message format and message source. 4.The fourth step is the selection of the communication channel. The channel must be appropriate to carry the message to the target audience. For pharmaceutical companies, their sales people are the most effective channel in reaching the target doctor audience, instead of placing billboards. 5.The fifth step is related with the financial estimates of the whole expenditure. Companies need to decide budget of sales promotional and other activities. The common methods followed are an affordable method, percentage of sales method, competitive parity method, and objective-task methods. 6.The sixth step is the decision relate to the communication mix. Companies have limited budget, so they need balance expenditure among advertising, sales promotion, public relation, sales force and direct marketing. The relevant choice of the communication mix is highly dependable on the industry the company is operating. 7.The seventh step measuring results of the communication process. It is very important for companies to keenly follow the outcomes of the communication process. The results could be increased in sales, change in attitude or image of the brand. 8.The eight step is managing the integrated marketing process. Companies cannot afford to continue one medium approach to achieve desired communication effect. Companies must integrate all the available tools as to reach a wider audience and effectively communicate about brand and products.

tempnature Duality Between Nature and Society in Shakespeares The Tem

Duality Between Nature and Society in The Tempest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   One of the essential themes of The Tempest is the duality between nature and society.   This is made evident through the character of Caliban: the disfigured fish-like creature that inhabits the island upon which the play takes place.   Caliban lacks civility because he was born on the island deprived of any social or spiritual morality other than nature and instinct.   He is literally man untamed.   Caliban is not monstrous simply for the sake of being frightening; his ghastly appearance is intended to literally depict the essential differences between civilization and natural instinct.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban represents man, instinct, and nature in their rawest forms.   Part fish, part man, but not really either because he is more mentally sophisticated than a fish, but devoid of any characteristics generally associated with civilized beings.   He displays promise in becoming civilized, but eventually it becomes evident that it is impossible to fully tame a wild animal, which is what Caliban essentially is.   Caliban is more of an animal rather than a monster.   While he is labeled a monster throughout the play due to his appearance, he is in fact an animal.   He is not inherently evil or malicious, but relies on his own instincts and skills that he has learned to adapt to his surrounding and survive.   What is vital to survival in society is not necessarily important in nature; and vice versa.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In nature only the most basic aspects of survival are required.   Nature is all about survival, at any cost.   Society is not.   Civilization was developed out of convenience with the mental and physical skills of man.   It h... ...ay. Bibliography    Primary Texts William Shakespeare, The Tempest, ed. Frank Kermode, with an introduction by Frank Kermode, (Arden, 1964)    Montaigne, Selected Essays of Montaigne, trans. John Florio (1603) ed.Walter Kaiser, with an introduction by Walter Kaiser, (Riverside, 1964)    Secondary Texts Eric Cheyfitz, The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan, (Oxford University Press, 1991)    Jeffrey Knapp, An Empire Nowhere: England, America, and Literature from Utopia to The Tempest, (University of California Press, 1992)    Gail Kern Paster, 'Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: How Came that Widow in?',Shakespeare Quarterly, 35, no.3 (1984)    Deborah Willis, 'Shakespeare's Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism', Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 29, no.2, (1989)

How Japan is Contributing to Globalization Essay

Globalization is one of the most important aspects of modern society affecting all spheres of life. Globalization involves public life, politics, economy, culture and social development. Globalization and the initiation of new technologies have significantly changed the way business, government and society are organized. Japan’s presence has loomed large in the Asia-Pacific region after World War II. Population density and geographic isolation are the two crucial factors that cannot be overstated when discussing Japan. Most of Japan’s land area is mountainous; and therefore, the residential area represents only 3%, and the industrial area is only 1. 4 %. However, Japan still generates an astounding 14% of the world’s GNP (Harukiyo, Hook, 2001). One of the key driving forces behind these changes is a new business model. Japan has made a great contribution to globalization process being a political and economic leader in the Asia-Pacific region. To be successful in global competition, firms become a triad power, establishing strong competitive position in all three parts. Ohmae (1985) views the world market as being composed of three major parts: the USA, Japan, and Europe. Ohmae (1995) also argues that the key to global success is the deliberate â€Å"insideration† of functional strengths of Japan economic system. He considers â€Å"equidistance† the critical requirement of a global strategy: seeing globally, thinking globally, and acting globally. In this process, Japan plays a core role as an economic and political leader controlling the new emerging order. Ohmae argued that successful global companies had to be equally strong in Japan, Western Europe, and the United States. These three regions, which Ohmae collectively called the Triad, represented the dominant economic centers of the world. Today, fully 75 % of world income as measured by GNP is located in the Triad. Ohmae has revised his view of the world; in the expanded Triad, the Japanese leg encompasses the entire Pacific region; the American leg includes Canada and Mexico; and the boundary in Europe is moving eastward. Acer Inc. provides a perfect illustration of a company with a well-balanced revenue stream; one-third of the company’s sales of computers and related equipment are in Asia, one-third in North America, and another 20 % are in Europe. Japan is responsive to local market conditions. The strategic imperative means the efficient global use of good marketing ideas rather than standardization, and an organization structure which encourages transfer of information from Japan to other countries. Global operations are tailored to maximize efficiency in concept development and effectiveness in local market delivery (Befu, Guichard-Anguis, 2001). Japanese multinational corporations which treat individual country markets separately are likely to disappear and be replaced by global corporations which sell standardized products the same way everywhere in the world. A major source of competitive advantage has become the ability to produce high-quality products at lowest cost, since global consumers will sacrifice their idiosyncratic preferences for the high-quality but low-priced products Globalization and the initiation of new technologies have significantly changed the way business, government and society are organized. One of the key driving forces behind these changes is a new business model. Host government regulations/incentives, as well as other environmental forces, can drive globalization. Similarity of tariff barriers, product standards, marketing regulations, and incentives for foreign direct investment can serve as stimuli for globalization.. Japan places more emphasis on market growth and penetration and in these aspects they were definite leaders. Japan has the benefit of a large domestic market but it appears that they also benefit from their emphasis on improvement in product quality and productivity. According to Yang (1995): â€Å"In Japanese business interactions, voice came as the counterpart of trust. Such participation not only provided information exchange but also moderated the coercive power inherent in the hierarchical command structure† (69). The competitiveness in the globalizing world is based on some of the nation’s sectors, where the companies experienced conditions in their home market that induced them to develop the â€Å"right† competencies to compete internationally. Many economists underline the great influence of Japanese policies on the World Trade Organization, â€Å"governmental subsidization of foreign direct investment, and the integration of Japanese production facilities in East Asia† (Maclachlan, 2004). Technological advances are also considered major drivers of globalization. Japanese technological innovations and leadership in IT industry influence global business and science. Japan plays a crucial role in globalization of automotive and IT industries. Communication and transportation technology makes integrated global operations feasible and desirable. Industries with high technology intensity are particularly conducive to standardized marketing approaches (Yang, 1995). Among market factors which can drive globalization are: emergence of global customers, homogenization of consumer needs and wants, existence of global marketing channels, and transferability of marketing practices. Political leadership allows Japan influence foreign relations and political situation. Following Harukiyo and Hook (2001): â€Å"The period of building another modern Japan: the history of post-war Japan colored by high-speed economic development as well by the shrunken role of Japan in world politics. This feature of post-war Japan can be summarized as the economic giant, political pigmy† (19). From the point of view of some scholars in economic-politics, globalization is the result of the capitalism dominance. Yip (1995) reinforces this idea saying that it is a new capitalism cycle where production has become transnational. To other authors, globalization is related to the increasing obsolescence of the nation-state system (Ohmae, 1995). Ohmae (1995) proposes that the more natural model is the â€Å"region-state†, an economic area defined independently of the national borders. To survive and prosper in the global marketplace, Japanese businesses have responded to the industry imperatives. Japan’s contribution to globalization can be explained as: global market participation; product standardization; concentration of value-adding activities; uniform marketing; and integrative competitive moves. Also, Japan’s global strategy has matched the globalization potential as defined by the cost, market, government, and competitive environments. The strategic imperative of Japan is to concentrate value-added activities to exploit factor cost differentials and extend competitive advantages by coordinating interdependencies among markets. Hence, success demands achieving integration of the firm’s competitive position across markets. Japan has a great influence on cultural and social life of global society. Film industry and animated films influence tastes and preferences of millions of people around the globe. Feature-length animated films and manga (an illustrated publications in comic book format) become a part of the global culture. Japanese food consumption patterns penetrated many Europeans countries and America. Traditional food is influence4d by sophisticated cuisine highly customized to the change of seasons. Modern Japanese cuisine includes many seafood dishes with fresh ingredients (sushi), natto and soy sauce. Over the last 50 years, Japanese food culture becomes global and has been adopted by other cultures. Befu and Guichard-Anguis (2001) call this phenomenon cultural diffusion underlining the role and impact of Japanese cultural norms on the ‘outside’ world. For instance, the popularity and â€Å"the success of contemporary Japanese fine art photography in American art museums and galleries† (131) underline the importance and influence on Japanese culture on global society. The ideas and values of the Japanese people influenced perception of the self and religious values of other nations (Hall, Hall 1990). Morals and traditions of the Japanese culture create a strict, unwritten code of essential rules followed by generations of Americans and Europeans as their personal religion which helps to control social life and social order. Many countries adopted traditional Japanese approaches to management including TQM and Quality Circles are a core philosophy of a firm (Hall and Hall, 1990). Introducing Japanese techniques is proving difficult because it cuts across cultural norms. The entrepreneurial spirit of Japanese firms is encouraged as the tendency for individuals to compete against each other frequently gives rise to the development of new ideas. Employee relations is another sphere of Japanese management principles. Yang (1995) explains that: â€Å"Japanese competition has forced the other advanced national economies to investigate seriously and adopt many of the practices which the Japanese have developed† (69). Key benefits include economies of scale in marketing and production, economies of scope, efficiencies in sourcing and transportation, and synergies in other value-adding activities. The response to competitive challenge is another major driver of globalization. In sum, the differences in economic conditions, national values and culture among nations created different opportunities for the development of industries all over the world. Japan has influenced to the competitive pressure by leveraging its competitive position across markets, and by seeking integrated operations. The basic sphere of impact is the international economic and social system, i. e. global manufacture, national economies and the world market. Japan contributes to globalization through investments, access to quality products and technologies, and reciprocal access to foreign markets and managerial development. Unique philosophy and cultural norms of Japanese are also penetrated into other countries shaping behavior of people and perception of the world. From the perspective of business, interest in globalization centers on two major facets: the globalization of markets and the globalization of production and the supply chain. As a member of many international organizations, Japan determines and influences political and economic relations in the Asia-Pacific region and has a great impact on the world order. References 1. Befu, H. , Guichard-Anguis, S. (2001). Globalizing Japan: Ethnography of the Japanese Presence in Asia, Europe, and America. Routledge. 2. Hall, E. T. , Hall, M. R. (1990). Hidden Differences: Doing Business with the Japanese Anchor. 3. Harukiyo, H. , Hook, G. D. (2001). The Political Economy of Japanese Globalization. Routledge.

NOrdstorm Case Analysis Essay

â€Å"Our staff is genuinely interested in seeing that all your needs are meet. They are professionals-will help you with everything from gift suggestions to wardrobe planning. They will even accompany you from department to department until you find exactly what you’re looking for† , a quote from Nordstrom directory as a benchmark for service exceptions. How is Nordstrom able to claim this unexceptional goal within retail industry? The answer lies with the great achievement of motivation produced within Nordstrom culture. The case in question is prepared by Richard D. Freedman and Jill Vohr, Stern School of Business, New york University. This case analysis is based on the experiences and background of retail giant, Nordstrom. The store started its operations with humble beginning of providing excellent customer service to constituents. Nordstrom operates almost 100 stores in 10 states. It’s a growing company with great working culture. There are approximately 35000 employees working within Nordstrom family. The focus of Nordstrom’s management is to create an ambitious and motivated team that provides customer service like no one else offers, service above and beyond the call of duty. All employees are made to feel like members of a family sharing in â€Å"the Nordstrom way†. Company has been able to create an environment where promotions are only from within the company, where employees keep a journal of customers to send thank you letters and upcoming promotions. Employees perform all operations relevant to their jobs, even unpacking items, shelving and storage responsibilities. The astonishing thing is that all these tasks are performed on off the clock. Nordstrom has been able to create an environment where employees are pushing themselves to limits. Doing chores during their lunch time or after the clock has been a Nordstrom culture for a while. Even though this practice had created some controversy with few employees and unions are trying to pursue Nordstrom to abolish these motivational techniques to have employees work off the clock to achieve better status and money. There have been various lawsuits involving Nordstrom employees and management. This analysis can provide us some insight on how Nordstrom has been able to use motivational theories to purse employees to be part of this huge enterprise. Motivation is a force that come from within a person that can help create a willful direction towards achieving some specific goals, where achievement is not due solely to ability or to environmental factors. Performance of a certain individual can be accounted using: Performance = f (Ability x Motivation) Nordstrom had created a place of business where they pick the best sales people from the given population and provide them motivation in form of promotion, excellent sales commissions and social stature of working for a prestigious retailer like Nordstrom. Nordstrom has been able to use content theories of motivation to produce current company’s culture. Using content from Hierarchy of Needs Theory by Maslow’s, Nordstrom can motivate people according to their desire to satisfy specific needs. Using physiological needs like money, Nordstrom had created an excellent base pay structure along with the opportunity to create more opportunities for sales people in form of high commissions. Nordstrom’s pay structure is more rewarding than its competitors. Using physiological paradigm as a motivation force, Nordstrom is an industry leader for harvesting the best talent within sale force. Second level of Maslow’s theory is Safety needs. Nordstrom had created a culture that resembles to an individual family boutique operating within its own means and create its own identity. Nordstrom managers are free to hire and the only rule exist is to help the customer by any way possible as long as it’s legal. This attitude towards management had created a safety net at work place thus helping Nordstrom employees achieve better motivation. Maslow’s theory also promotes social and belongingness needs. Nordstrom has a culture of creating a family within a certain store thus helping with social and belongingness needs of employees. Self Esteem is also considered an important factor of motivation used by Nordstrom. Employees of Nordstrom gladly introduce themselves to others due to the fact that Nordstrom has a certain place in society and this approach helps create more motivation for employees to be more productive. Maslow’s theory also embraces self-actualization for creating employee motivation. Nordstrom is one of the few companies that can help employees design their own business cards and schedules. The focus is to create entrepreneurial spirit among employees because Nordstrom want performance to come from ambition and motivation and not from corporate headquarters. ERG theory by Clayton Alderfed explains three categories, existence (E), relatedness needs (R) and growth needs (G). This theory can be considered one of the pillars within methodologies used by Nordstrom. Employees are motivated using growth, relatedness needs and existence needs. Using this theory as an approach for design business model, Nordstrom helped employees look for their basic goals and use Nordstrom as a vehicle to accomplish those goals. Theory of achievement, affiliation and power by David McCelland can explain the motivational force Nordstrom is using to achieve ambitious goals of sales and motivation. By creating goals to be achieve every month, quarter and year, Nordstrom can help employees create a schedule for themselves to achieve those goals. Nordstrom had created unofficial standard of excellence that can help set goals for employees. Need for affiliation is also used during the course of employment with Nordstrom. Managers acknowledge the best employees and considered as a pacemaker to others so others can follow their example of excellent customer services and sales. Need of power if another factor involved in creating motivated employees. Nordstrom use strict policy with promotions within the company, this process helps provide power to the ambitious and motivated employees in form of management and team leader positions. Even though traditional research had not supported claims by two-factor theory or dual-factor theory by Frederick Herzberg; Nordstrom has been able to use the concept of motivators like achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth and challenging work and hygiene factors like pay, working conditions , technical supervision, status , interpersonal relationship with peers and security. Nordstrom had implemented this idea to create a self-realization environment where employees create goals and motivation comes from within. Nordstrom’s focus on use of expectancy theory is another motivational factor for creating motivation. Expectancy is the subjective probability that a given amount of effort will lead to a particular level of performance. Using instrumentality and valence as an outcome, Nordstrom can increase motivational force. Another factor that Nordstrom is so successful in creating employee motivation is use of equity theory. Equity theory suggests that motivation is based on person’s assessment of the ratio of outcomes he/she receive (e.g., pay, status etc). Nordstrom had implemented these theories to create a model that help employees do things with motivation from within and increase productivity and motivation. Goal setting has been a key motivator for people working within Nordstrom. Even though, many controversial lawsuits and complaints by employees and union had surfaced in last few years, Nordstrom is still promoting its culture. Nordstrom had set aside more than $15 million for paying employee for times that has not been paid in past due to the fact it was not on clock. Nordstrom still embrace job enlargement and job enrichment policies. Job enlargement is a process of making a job more motivating by adding tasks that are similar in complexity relative to the current task. For example, Nordstrom employees work with a customer in any department to satisfy that customer’s needs. Job enrichment is a process of creating more job motivation by increasing responsibilities. For example, Nordstrom designate employees to take responsibility and act as a concierge and interact with customers using letters and photos and scrap book etc. Using these theories, Nordstrom, had increase employee motivation instead of creating a hostile work environment. I personally think that Nordstrom can alter few methods to treat with how employee time is compensated. Motivation theories applied at Nordstrom are brilliant and using those theories, Nordstrom had created a culture where employees are working hard to achieve success and reach the goals set by employees and not corporate headquarters. Some of the complaints mentioned in case seem legit but the role of motivation is a two way stream. Nordstrom should deal with these complaints in a manner where it can help employees gain more confidence and motivation. For example, Nordstrom should change the way feedback mechanism handled. Throughout the whole case, I saw a lack of feedback method that can help employees get better and increase motivation. Feedback plays and important role within company’s motivational efforts. Feedback process can clarify the goals and expectations of certain employees who seem to be abused by this culture. Nordstrom should also focus on including the time for extra circular activities to enhance sales on actual paid time. This would help employees use pay as a motivational factor to increase productivity as defined as Maslow’s, ERG and dual factor theories.

Why the US Left Isolationism essays

Why the US Left Isolationism essays The United States, until just before the end of the World War II, excluded itself to a form of isolationism. By doing this, the United States relied on and looked after itself when dealing with foreign policy. But soon after World War II things changed, isolationism could not work for the betterment of the United States any longer. The United States needed to change the way it operated on an international scale, and take on a more demanding role in its foreign policy making. To understand this shift from isolationism to collective foreign diplomacy, an evaluation of the three levels of analysis would present three different aspects on how and why the United States made this shift. When looking at the post-war era, the United States change from isolationism was essential to its survival due to two key elements: the shift in great power, and the strengthening of United States military and capitalist economy. By using the three levels of analysis, you will be able to understand in depth how their interaction lead to the United States straying from its traditional isolationism, to its current role of collective foreign diplomacy. To understand the entire realm of things, you would need to start from the third level of analysis, The System. From the post-war International system to the events that lead up to the United States shift, all started at the third level of analysis. Prior to the great wars, the international system consisted of multiple great powers, and in turn caused multiple points of conflict (known as dyads), causing the United State to form its pre-war stance of isolationism to protect its own security. After World War II, the fall of Hitler and the devastation suffered during the wars by most of the great powers in Europe, caused the International system to have a shift in great powers. From this shift, it lead to a bipolar system, leaving the United States and a rebuilding communist S...

Understand Inappropriate Behavior, Suggestions for Teachers

Understand Inappropriate Behavior, Suggestions for Teachers Teachers confront bad or inappropriate behavior from students all the time. This may range from calling out answers to teasing to physical aggressiveness. And some students seem to thrive on getting a rise out of teachers with challenges to authority. Its important for teachers to understand the roots of these kinds of behaviors so as not to perpetuate or exacerbate them. Here are some fundamental ways to frame everyday inappropriate behaviors. The Importance of Interventions With so many students in classrooms these days, its tempting for a teacher to simply let poor behavioral choices go and spend as much time as possible teaching the lesson. But in the long term, this is not the wisest choice. While there are behaviors that, while poor, are age-appropriate (speaking out of turn, difficulties sharing materials, etc.), remember the message that accepting unacceptable behaviors sends to the student. Instead, use positive behavioral intervention strategies (PBIS) to  positively influence and curb the behavior in the classroom. Age-appropriate or no, inappropriate behaviors that disrupt the classroom will only get worse when we excuse them. Its important to take the time for interventions. Where Does Inappropriate Behavior Come From? It may be hard to understand where a students poor choices come from. Remember that behavior is communication, and students are trying to send a message with every action taken in the classroom. Four typical reasons for inappropriate behavior are: Seeking attention.  When a child cant get your attention, hell often act out to get it. Taking revenge. If for some reason a  child doesnt feel loved and seeks revenge for attention, she will feel important when she hurts others or hurts the feelings of others. Displaying power.  These children need to be the boss. They only feel important when they are the boss.  Power struggles  may be daily occurrences with these students.   Displaying feelings of inadequacy.  These children usually have low confidence and self-esteem levels and give up quickly, thinking they cant do anything. They often lack a sense of doing something successfully. Understand the origin of these behaviors and decoding their messages gives you an opportunity. Once youve determined the goal of the inappropriate behavior, you are much more equipped to turn it around. Confronting Inappropriate Behaviors The PBIS method of dealing with inappropriate behavior may not be as intuitive as the punitive model with which many of us were raised. But it makes its own logical sense when we consider, again, that behavior is communication. Can we really expect to show students that their behavioral choices are poor when we respond in the same manner? Of course not. Keep these key concepts in mind: Always show respect. When you give respect, youll get it- eventually!   Model the behavior you want to see at all times. Encourage the child, boost their self-esteem, convey that you care about them. Reward them with attention when acting appropriately. Never engage in power struggles. Dont get angry. Do not retaliate (even in passive-aggressive ways).Recognize that ALL inappropriate behaviors are communication: your student wants your attention. Help her get it the right way. Read more  about  specific interventions for a variety of behaviors.

Preparing fast and healthy meals on the go Essay

Preparing fast and healthy meals on the go - Essay Example Likewise, eating even a hurried breakfast or other meals could also cannot give the full complement of nutrients to the body, with the energy draining out later in the day. In addition, skipping meals or having hurried meals could also lead to binge eating, as missed breakfast could lead to heavy lunch or even dinner to overcome the tiredness. â€Å"Youll either overdo your evening meal, taking in too many calories because youre famished, or youll run low on energy and patience, since your body isnt adequately fueled to manage a busy schedule.† (Ehrensberger, 2009). Thus, it is clear that fast paced life and inability to have food at appropriate times and in apt quantities could lead to major short-term as well as long-term problems, thus being a ‘recipe’ for nutritional disaster. â€Å"If your normal busy-day routine is to skip meals or just grab an empty-calorie snack, sooner or later youre sure to collide with nutrition disaster.† (Ehrensberger, 2009). Chances of ‘disaster’ can be averted or even minimized if one starts to prepare and quick and healthy meals on the go, which can provide the ‘fuel’ to keep on going, as well as fulfill the needed nutrients. Preparing fast and healthy meals particularly the breakfast on the go will go a long way in providing the necessary energy for the day. So, individuals living in the fast lane or husbands and wives who both have tight professional commitments, can try out various fast and healthy meals, instead of skipping the meals or consuming hurried ready-to-eat high calorie foods. There are sizable numbers of fast and healthy meals, which apart from providing the needed energy and nutrition, can surely satisfy their palates. People always go for tasty foods, more than healthy ones, and so these quick and healthy meals have to be tastier. One of the steps that can be taken to prepare fast and healthy meals is to buy and stock key healthy foods. â€Å"Pre-cut veggies, purchased hard boiled eggs, individual cartons